IPC was one of the most powerful publishing companies, they were taken over by Time Inc in 2004.
Time Inc was part of the warner group which is part of the biggest media conglomerate in the world. TI is now part of Meredith group, huge cross-media interest.

Bauer Media is a German company. Womens weekly, take a break, tv choice.
They publish the most sold UK magazine. They have radio tv and digital.
They have Kiss and Four Music. They own music magazine 
Global conglomerate 

Dennis are an independent publisher. It was founded by Felix Dennis. Biggest independent magazine publisher.Targeting Niche audiences 

Advertising
without it no magazine would survive 
the income for a magazine comes from both sales and advertising, On average, advertising accounts for 70% of magazine income
freemium=free, premium content (high quality), shortlist(most read freemium uk magazine)



THE BIG ISSUE 1991 
Gordon Roddick and john bird founded the magazine
"a publishing revolution"
John Bird is a Lord
Social enterprise = a business that makes profit but has social benefits
A business solution
Hand up not a hand out
They've sold over 200,000,000 copies in the UK
The Big Issue Shop, extended their brand. They only sales products thats give social benefit.
They invest in other social enterprises ( THE BIG ISSUE INVEST)
Lord John Bird was homeless himself
Gordon Roddick founded the body shop, cruelty free toiletries
They buy the product then they double the amount
Most widely circulated street newspaper
Hybrid genre, entertainment and social business
attracts revenue
2000 vendors
ethical capitalism: idea of making profit
ethical= is it right

their covers are to represent community 

Politics
Left believe in equals, that the rich should pay more tax.
Lib dem = both left and right beliefs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JlQ5fGECmsA
Conservative (Right) = tradition, heterosexual relationships
 Social exclusion: refers to people who are outside the society  e.g mentally ill, homeless, offenders, addicts.